Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects approximately 3-6% of women of reproductive age. Unlike PMS, PMDD is characterized by debilitating emotional and physical symptoms, such as extreme mood swings, irritability, anxiety, fatigue, and physical discomfort. As a naturopath, I have witnessed the transformative role that natural interventions can play in supporting women with PMDD. One of my favourite therapeutic interventions is saffron (Crocus sativus), which is a spice renowned for its therapeutic properties.
Understanding Saffron and Its Active Compounds
Saffron is derived from the dried stigmas of the Crocus sativus flower. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its mood-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive compounds responsible for saffron’s therapeutic effects include crocin, safranal, and picrocrocin. These compounds exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, making saffron an ideal candidate for managing the emotional and physical symptoms of PMDD.
The mood-enhancing effects of saffron are attributed to its ability to regulate neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Safranal, a key active compound in saffron, inhibits serotonin reuptake, thereby enhancing serotonin availability in the brain (the serot. This mechanism can be particularly beneficial for women with PMDD, as fluctuations in serotonin levels are believed to play a significant role in the disorder.
Saffron and Emotional Well-Being - The Research
Research has highlighted saffron’s ability to improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety—key components of PMDD. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial published in the Journal of Affective Disorders (2013) demonstrated that a daily dose of 30 mg of saffron extract significantly reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety in participants compared to a placebo. Another study published in Phytotherapy Research (2018) found that saffron was as effective as fluoxetine, a commonly prescribed antidepressant, in alleviating depressive symptoms without the adverse side effects often associated with conventional medications.
In another study comparing saffron to fluoxetine, when looking at symptom relief and adverse effects, saffron was found to be as effective as fluoxetine and superior to placebo (PMID 33457343).
Saffron’s Anti-Inflammatory and Hormonal Balancing Effects
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a contributing factor to PMDD. Saffron’s anti-inflammatory properties help mitigate this by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, saffron has been shown to modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which plays a critical role in hormonal regulation. A balanced HPA axis can help stabilize mood swings and reduce the severity of PMDD symptoms.
Practical Tips for Using Saffron
To incorporate saffron into your PMDD management plan, consider the following:
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Standardised extract forms of saffron are a convenient and effective option. Quality and dosage really matters and many products on the market claiming to be saffron do not contain therapeutic dosages!
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Culinary Use: Add a pinch of saffron threads to herbal teas, soups, or rice dishes.
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Consistency: Saffron’s effects are cumulative, so consistent use over several menstrual cycles is recommended.
I do recommend working with a qualified practitioner with experience in this area as saffron products vary widely in terms of quality and efficacy.
Final Thoughts
Saffron shows great promise in alleviating the symptoms of PMDD and I have seen it work wonders for my PMDD clients. it is important to approach treatment holistically with PMDD though as it is a complex condition. A balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and personalized supplementation should all form part of your wellness strategy. Always consult with a qualified healthcare practitioner, such as a naturopath, to ensure saffron is suitable for your unique needs. You can book a consultation with me HERE